India continues to lead in internet shutdowns, Freedom House report
India continues to be the country with the most internet shutdowns in the world, according to a new report by Freedom House.
The report, titled “Freedom on the Net 2023,” found that India imposed 187 internet shutdowns in 2022. This was followed by Myanmar (38 shutdowns), Ethiopia (24 shutdowns), and Iran (22 shutdowns).
The report also found that India’s internet shutdowns are becoming more frequent and longer lasting. In 2022, India imposed an average of one internet shutdown every two days. The longest internet shutdown in India lasted for over six months.
Freedom House’s report criticizes the Indian government for using internet shutdowns to suppress dissent and restrict access to information.
The report also notes that internet shutdowns have a significant economic impact, as they disrupt businesses and prevent people from accessing essential services.
The Indian government has defended its use of internet shutdowns, arguing that they are necessary to maintain public order and safety. However, critics argue that the government is using internet shutdowns to silence its opponents and prevent people from holding the government accountable.
Laws regarding Internet shutdown in India
Temporary Suspension of Telecom Services (Public Emergency or Public Safety) Rules, 2017 issued under the Indian Telegraph Act, talk about temporary suspension of telecom services in a region on grounds of public safety.
It gives the power to bureaucrats of Home Affairs dept of states, Secretary of state/Union govt to impose such shutdowns.
Further Section 144 of CrPC 1973- allows for internet shutdown in India.
- Fahima Shirin vs State of Kerala 2019
In this case the SC stated that “Right to Internet Access is a fundamental right under Right to Privacy and Education under Article 21 Right to life and Personal Liberty.”
- Anuradha Bhasin vs UOI 2022
SC said that undefined restriction of internet services is illegal under Temporary Suspension of Telecom Services (Public Emergency or Public Safety) Rules, 2017. Orders of shutdown should satisfy tests of necessity and proportionality.
Impact of internet shutdowns on freedom of expression and access to information
Internet shutdowns have a significant impact on freedom of expression and access to information. They prevent people from sharing their views and opinions online, and they make it difficult for people to access news and information.
Internet shutdowns also have a negative impact on education and research. They make it difficult for students to access online learning resources, and they prevent researchers from collaborating with colleagues around the world.
Internet shutdowns also have a negative impact on the economy. They disrupt businesses and prevent people from accessing essential services, such as banking and e-commerce.
What can be done to reduce internet shutdowns in India?
There are a number of things that can be done to reduce internet shutdowns in India, including:
- The Indian government should adopt clear and transparent guidelines for imposing internet shutdowns.
- The government should only impose internet shutdowns as a last resort, and only when there is a clear and imminent threat to public order and safety.
- The government should ensure that internet shutdowns are targeted and proportionate.
- The government should work with civil society organizations to develop mechanisms for monitoring and reporting on internet shutdowns.
It is important to note that there is no easy solution to the problem of internet shutdowns in India. It will require a concerted effort from the government, civil society, and the public to reduce this harmful practice.
